Schemes of Urban Development

In India, urban development has been a key focus for both central and state governments, with various schemes designed to improve infrastructure, enhance living conditions, and promote sustainable urbanization. Below are some of the major urban development schemes that have been implemented:

1. Smart Cities Mission (2015)

• Objective: To transform 100 cities across India into smart cities by upgrading infrastructure, improving urban mobility, and creating sustainable living conditions using technology.
• Key Features:
  • Infrastructure upgrades (roads, sewage, drainage, water supply).
  • Efficient use of resources like energy, water, and waste.
  • Implementation of ICT solutions for better urban management.
  • Citizen participation in governance and urban planning.
• Funding: The government provides financial assistance, with cities matching the funds.

2. Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (PMAY) Urban (2015)

• Objective: To provide affordable housing to the urban poor by constructing 2 crore houses by 2022 under the “Housing for All” initiative.
• Key Features:
  • Subsidies on housing loans for economically weaker sections (EWS) and low-income groups (LIG).
  • In-situ rehabilitation of slums, redevelopment of housing, and building new homes.
  • Financial assistance for the construction of individual houses.
• Funding: The central government provides financial support, while states and local bodies also contribute.

3. Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation (AMRUT) (2015)

• Objective: To provide basic infrastructure services in cities with populations over 1 lakh (except those covered under the Smart Cities Mission).
• Key Features:
  • Improvement in water supply, sewage networks, drainage systems, and urban transport.
  • Focus on green spaces, solid waste management, and energy efficiency.
• Funding: The central government provides 50% of the funding, with states and local bodies contributing the rest.

4. Swachh Bharat Mission – Urban (SBM-U) (2014)

• Objective: To improve urban sanitation and make cities clean and garbage-free.
• Key Features:
  • Solid waste management (door-to-door collection, waste segregation).
  • Construction of toilets and promoting sanitation.
  • Promoting open defecation-free (ODF) cities.
• Funding: The central government provides financial support to urban local bodies for sanitation infrastructure.

5. National Urban Livelihoods Mission (NULM) (2013)

• Objective: To provide social and economic empowerment to the urban poor.
• Key Features:
  • Skill development programs for urban poor youth.
  • Financial support for setting up self-help groups (SHGs) and entrepreneurship development.
  • Establishment of urban community development centers.
• Funding: Financial assistance from the central government, supplemented by state governments.

6. Pradhan Mantri Street Vendor’s AtmaNirbhar Nidhi (PM SVANidhi) (2020)

• Objective: To provide financial assistance to street vendors to help them recover from the economic impact of COVID-19.
• Key Features:
  • Micro-credit loans up to ₹10,000 for street vendors to restart their businesses.
  • Encourages digital transactions and financial inclusion.
• Funding: The scheme is backed by the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (MoHUA), with financial support from banks and other financial institutions.

7. Smart Cities Mission – Integrated Command and Control Centres (ICCC)

• Objective: To establish integrated data platforms for cities to efficiently manage their urban systems.
• Key Features:
  • Centralized monitoring and control of urban systems such as traffic, water, and waste management.
  • Use of data analytics and ICT solutions for urban management.
  • Citizen engagement through smart platforms.
• Funding

  : Part of the Smart Cities Mission, the ICCC is funded by the central government and managed locally.

8. Delhi Development Authority (DDA) Housing Scheme

• Objective: To promote affordable housing in Delhi.
• Key Features:
  • Providing land for construction and offering affordable housing units to residents.
  • Auctions and allotments of land for both residential and commercial purposes.
• Funding: The DDA finances the development of housing and other related projects through its budget and public-private partnerships.

9. JNNURM (Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission) (2005)

• Objective: To address the infrastructure needs of cities and improve the quality of urban life, focusing on urban renewal and modernization.
• Key Features:
  • Development of urban infrastructure, including water supply, sanitation, transport, and housing.
  • Focus on governance reforms, transparency, and capacity building.
• Funding: The central government provides financial support, with the state and local governments matching funds.

10. Urban Transport Scheme (2014)

• Objective: To provide sustainable and efficient urban transport systems.
• Key Features:
  • Development of metro rail systems, bus rapid transit (BRT) corridors, and pedestrian infrastructure.
  • Focus on reducing traffic congestion, improving public transport, and promoting environmentally friendly modes of transportation.
• Funding: The central government, in collaboration with state and local governments, finances the development of transport systems.

11. National Smart Grid Mission (2015)

• Objective: To modernize urban electrical grids to improve efficiency and reliability.
• Key Features:
  • Implementation of smart grid technologies for better power distribution.
  • Demand-side management, advanced metering, and real-time monitoring of electricity usage.
• Funding: The mission is supported by the Ministry of Power, with both central and state governments contributing funds.

12. National Scheme for Construction of Toilets in Urban Areas

• Objective: To improve sanitation and hygiene in urban areas by building toilets for underserved populations.
• Key Features:
  • Financial support for the construction of individual or community toilets.
  • Promotion of sanitation awareness and hygiene education.
• Funding: The central government supports state and local bodies with funds for constructing toilets in urban areas.